{"id":6576,"date":"2021-08-25T12:10:04","date_gmt":"2021-08-25T19:10:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/?p=6576"},"modified":"2021-08-25T13:22:50","modified_gmt":"2021-08-25T20:22:50","slug":"components-on-pcbs-for-beginner-electronics-hobbyists","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/components-on-pcbs-for-beginner-electronics-hobbyists\/","title":{"rendered":"PCBs Components for Electronics Hobbyists"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Let&#8217;s go back to basic, let&#8217;s talk about components on PCBs for beginner electronics hobbyists. PCBs are quite complicated. However, with current technology, we can make PCB easier to understand. Moreover, if you\u2019re fairly new to casual electronic engineering, you might have come across it once or twice. In fact, you might already be familiar with it. In contrast, as a beginner, it\u2019s definitely worth understanding the purpose of a PCB and knowing what you\u2019ve got to work with before you attempt to construct your own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So here\u2019s our breakdown of the 13 most commonly used electronic components for PCBs. You can also use the virtual circuit board builder provide by TikerCAD to get familiar with these components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"DC Motor Circuit Testing\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/75lxMQApxXQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table of Content<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>What are PCBs?<\/li><li>Resistors<\/li><li>Capacitors<\/li><li>DiodesSwitches<\/li><li>Potentiometers<\/li><li>Transformers<\/li><li>Transistors<\/li><li>Integrated Circuits<\/li><li>Oscillators<\/li><li>Inductors<\/li><li>Potentiometers<\/li><li>SCR<\/li><li>Sensors<\/li><li>Batteries<\/li><li>Conclusion<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What are PCBs?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Ubitx_Interface_PCB2-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"434\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Ubitx_Interface_PCB2-1024x434.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4973\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Ubitx_Interface_PCB2-1024x434.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Ubitx_Interface_PCB2-300x127.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Ubitx_Interface_PCB2-768x326.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Ubitx_Interface_PCB2-1536x651.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Ubitx_Interface_PCB2-2048x869.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Printed_circuit_board\" target=\"_blank\">Printed circuit boards<\/a>\u2014or PCBs are the basic building block of any electronic design. A PCB board connects multiple electronic components to form one cohesive, fully functional system capable of powering different devices. Similar to cities with streets, subdivisions, districts, and buildings, so too do the components of PCBs interact. PCB boards have evolved over the years to play a crucial part in electrical engineers and hobbyists alike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, PCBs can range from single-sided boards (one copper layer only) to multi-sided (up to 20+ layers). The more layers added, the more complex the PCB, the more advanced the corresponding gadget it powers. More layers also mean more electronic components.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, robust PCBs can definitely hold upwards of a couple of dozen electronic components. For beginners, however, we recommend starting out with the 13 most common components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Resistors \u2013 Control Energy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Resistors are the foundations of current control. These two-ended electrical pieces are fairly simple to understand and integrate into different projects. Resistance is the value in which objects allow electricity to flow through them. Resistors, on the other hand, allow users to precisely define an object\u2019s level of resistance. Resistors resist the flow of an electric current by converting the electrical energy into heat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/41oUEipgGhL-e1629833154375.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/41oUEipgGhL-e1629833154375.jpg\" alt=\"Blog\" class=\"wp-image-6607\" width=\"423\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/41oUEipgGhL-e1629833154375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/41oUEipgGhL-e1629833154375-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/41oUEipgGhL-e1629833154375-130x90.jpg 130w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 423px) 100vw, 423px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Carbon Film Resistor<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Resistors are made of a wide range of materials and come in many different styles. The most common (and highly recommended for beginners) would be<a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/carbon-film-resistors\">&nbsp;resistors made of carbon film<\/a>&nbsp;in the axial style. Axial style resistors have leads on both ends of the rod. Their body is marked with different colored rings that represent the resistor\u2019s resistance value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Capacitors \u2013 Store Energy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Outnumbered only by resistors, capacitors are electronic components you\u2019ll definitely find on every PCB board. Whereas resistors control an electric charge, capacitors temporarily store it. Think of them as tiny batteries with even tinier storage space. They are capable of losing&nbsp;<em>and&nbsp;<\/em>gaining full charge in a split second. Because of this, capacitors are commonly used for \u201cfiltering\u201d. This is a process where a backup source of energy takes over when the main source of power drops in order to not lose or reset data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capacitors.jpg\" alt=\"Capacitors\" class=\"wp-image-4569\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capacitors.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capacitors-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption>Radial High Voltage Capacitor<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In PCBs, capacitors electrostatically store energy to later release it to wherever power is needed in the circuit. It works by collecting opposing charges (positive and negative) on two conductive plates (typically metal) with some form of insulating material between them. There are different types of capacitors, often categorized by the conductive material of the plates or the insulating material that separates them. Most beginners and casual hobbyists use<a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/polyester-capacitors\">&nbsp;polyester capacitors<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/ceramic-capacitors\">&nbsp;ceramic capacitors<\/a>, or<a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/radial-high-voltage-capacitors\">&nbsp;radial capacitors<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You\u2019ll notice that some capacitors resemble resistors. The most telling difference is that resistors have leads on opposite ends. Capacitors have two leads protruding from the same side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Diodes \u2013 Redirect Energy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Going back to our PCB board \u2013 city comparison, diodes are basically the one-way streets on a printed circuit board. These two terminal components control and redirect energy flow by allowing the current to flow down one direction and blocking it from moving down the other. The flow is typically from the positive terminal (called the anode) to the negative terminal (called the cathode).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1N914.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1N914.jpg\" alt=\"Blog\" class=\"wp-image-6606\" width=\"332\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1N914.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1N914-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1N914-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>High-Speed Switching Diode<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Like resistors, diodes use electrical resistance to control the flow of energy. High resistance in one direction and zero resistance in the other effectively block the current from flowing in the wrong direction and potentially damaging the equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common diode that many people\u2014even non-hobbyists\u2014are familiar with is light-emitting diodes or<a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/semiconductor-devices-lamps---displays\">&nbsp;LEDs<\/a>. Other common examples of PCB diodes include<a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/zener-diodes\">&nbsp;Zener<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/high-speed-switching-diodes\">&nbsp;high-speed switching diodes<\/a>, and Schottky diodes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Switches <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A switch is yet another widely known PCB component, second only to batteries. Lots of people\u2014again, not just engineers and hobbyists\u2014purchase switches for casual, everyday functions. They don\u2019t just belong on printed circuit boards. Think of switches\/relays as power buttons. They basically control the flow of the current in a circuit by opening and closing the circuit. One flick of the switch and the circuit opens, allowing the current to flow to the lightbulb in a room. Another flick and the circuit closes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/66-4012-0-e1629832774102.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/66-4012-0-e1629832774102-300x257.jpg\" alt=\"Blog\" class=\"wp-image-6605\" width=\"327\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/66-4012-0-e1629832774102-300x257.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/66-4012-0-e1629832774102-768x658.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/66-4012-0-e1629832774102.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Miniature Micro Switch<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>There are a dozen different types of switches&nbsp;<em>at least,&nbsp;<\/em>all varying in physical construction and appearance. The more common ones would be<a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/push-button-switches\">&nbsp;push-button switches<\/a>, levers, and<a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/standard-sized-toggle-switches\">&nbsp;toggle switches<\/a>. Other examples include<a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/box-type-dip-switches\">&nbsp;box-type<\/a>, rocker,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/micro-switches\">&nbsp;micro<\/a>, slide, and rotary switches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Potentiometers \u2013 Varied Resistance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Potentiometers are basically variable resistors with three terminals. Like resistors, they control energy in the circuit. They\u2019re so-called because they basically dictate the electric potential\u2014or voltage\u2014of a device.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/passive-electronic-components-potentiometers\">&nbsp;Common potentiometers<\/a>&nbsp;come in two types: rotary and linear. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/linear-taper-potentiometers\">Linear potentiometers<\/a>&nbsp;are much the same, only it\u2019s a straight line rather than a semi-circle. Think of the volume control buttons on modern smartphones or headphones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/31VAxxx.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/31VAxxx.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6604\" width=\"357\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/31VAxxx.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/31VAxxx-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/31VAxxx-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/31VAxxx-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>1K Ohm Potentiometer<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Rotary potentiometers are a little more well-known than linear types. They make use of a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/passive-electronic-components-potentiometers\">&nbsp;knob<\/a>&nbsp;to vary the resistance of the device, allowing the slider contact to move over a semi-circular resistor to dictate how high or low the energy should be. The most popular example of a rotary potentiometer in play would be the volume control knob on the radios. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Transformers \u2013 Transfer Energy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>General transformers transfer power from one source to another through a process called \u201cinduction.\u201d PCB transformers function the same way. They transfer electrical energy from different circuits\u2014and convert them\u2014by increasing or decreasing the voltage. As with resistors, they technically regulate current. The biggest difference is that they provide more electrical isolation than controlled resistance by \u201ctransforming\u201d the voltage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Switch-Mode-Power-Supply-Transformers-e1629833340338.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"582\" height=\"290\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Switch-Mode-Power-Supply-Transformers-e1629833340338.jpg\" alt=\"Blog\" class=\"wp-image-6610\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Switch-Mode-Power-Supply-Transformers-e1629833340338.jpg 582w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Switch-Mode-Power-Supply-Transformers-e1629833340338-300x149.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 582px) 100vw, 582px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Miracle Electronics&#8217; SMPS transformers<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>PCB transformers consist of two or more separate inductive circuits (called windings) and a soft iron core. The primary winding is for the source circuit\u2014or where the energy will come from\u2014and the secondary winding is for the receiving circuit\u2014where the energy is going. Transformers break down large amounts of voltage into smaller, more manageable currents so as not to overload or overwork the equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Transistors \u2013 Amplify Energy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Resistors may be fundamental to current control but transistors are fundamental to all modern electronics. Contrary to storing, regulating, or controlling charges on the PCB, transistors amplify them. A bipolar transistor, which is the most common type of transistor, has three areas and three pins in which the current flows and is amplified. There are two types of bipolar transistors; NPN and PNP. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2n2222a.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2n2222a.jpg\" alt=\"Blog\" class=\"wp-image-6611\" width=\"332\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2n2222a.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2n2222a-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2n2222a-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>2N2222A Transistor<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>An NPN bipolar transistor has a P-type area sandwiched between two N-type areas. In an NPN type, a small current flows from the base to the emitter. This current then turns on&nbsp;<em>another&nbsp;<\/em>circuit. That causes a much larger current to flow from the collector to the emitter too, effectively increasing (or amplifying) the current that is released.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A PNP bipolar transistor has an N-type area sandwiched between two P-type areas. This reverses the NPN type\u2019s current process. A small current starts at the collector and flows to the emitter, triggering a larger current to pass through the base and onto the emitter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NPN transistors are more common than PNP transistors for a number of reasons. However, both have their advantages and disadvantages depending on the project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Integrated Circuits \u2013 Multi-Function Powerhouses<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ICs are the powerhouses of all PCBs. Batteries might be the source of energy, but circuits are the power factories. These tiny wafers house thousands (or even millions) of transistors, resistors, and capacitors. Because of that, they can amplify, oscillate, and process energy in a printed circuit board\u2014just to name a few functions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IC.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IC.jpg\" alt=\"Blog\" class=\"wp-image-6613\" width=\"474\" height=\"326\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IC.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IC-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IC-130x90.jpg 130w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/a><figcaption> Integrated Circuits <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>As the name suggests, integrated circuits (or ICs) are basically circuits that have been integrated into a PCB board through minimization. These wafer-like components are silicone and encased in plastic housing. The more modern ones can also use digital or analog technology to perform calculations. These types of technology further define the two types of ICs: digital and analog. Digital Integrated Circuits are typically in computers and consumer electronics. Analog ICs (also called Linear) are typically in audio and radio frequency amplification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Oscillators \u2013 Precise Timers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In PCBs, crystal oscillators act as programmable timers or clocks that periodically produce electronic signals. Depend on the resonance of a vibrating crystal, piezoelectric material, we dictate the frequency of the electronic signal or the oscillation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Crystals-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Oscillators\" class=\"wp-image-4571\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Crystals-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Crystals-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Crystals-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Crystals.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption> Oscillators <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Different piezoelectric materials create different resonances, but quartz crystals are by far a community favorite. The oscillator uses an electric field in tandem with the voltage applied to an electrode near the quartz crystal to create a property known as inverse piezoelectricity. The electric field is then removed to allow the crystal to return to its previous shape. As it does this, the quartz generates another electric field that, in turn, generates a voltage at a specific frequency\u2014in other words, the oscillation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/passive-electronic-components-crystals---oscillators\">Crystal oscillators<\/a>&nbsp;are usually in precise timers for wristwatches, microcontrollers, and other similar gadgets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Inductors \u2013 Increase Energy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Inductors, like resistors and capacitors, are linear passive components of PCBs. Like capacitors, inductors are two-terminal devices that store energy. But whereas capacitors store energy electrostatically, inductors use a magnetic field. Also known as coils, chokers, and reactors, inductors typically consist of a core wrapped with insulated wire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Coilcraft-inductors-range-1024x680-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Coilcraft-inductors-range-1024x680-1.jpg\" alt=\"Blog\" class=\"wp-image-6618\" width=\"566\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Coilcraft-inductors-range-1024x680-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Coilcraft-inductors-range-1024x680-1-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Coilcraft-inductors-range-1024x680-1-768x510.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 566px) 100vw, 566px\" \/><\/a><figcaption> Inductors <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The more times the wire wraps around the core (i.e., the number of windings), the greater the magnetic field\u2014and therefore energy\u2014is generated. The windings amplify the magnetic field and, by extension, the stored energy, and energy capability of the device. Inductors are characterized by a property called inductance, which is basically the ratio of the voltage compared to the rate of change in the current. They\u2019re often in a filter or block certain signals, such as radio interference in audio equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>SCR \u2013 High Current Control<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>SCR stands for Silicon-Controlled Rectifier. Like transistors and diodes, SCRs are also thyristors. Because they\u2019re made up of four silicon layers (instead of the three NPN or PNP compositions found in transistors). In some ways, they can be seen as two transistors working in tandem to control high amounts of voltage and power. In this sense, they\u2019re a little more suited to high AC projects and operations where a regular transistor might not be enough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mb35xx-e1629834594265.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mb35xx-e1629834594265-300x223.jpg\" alt=\"Blog\" class=\"wp-image-6619\" width=\"362\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mb35xx-e1629834594265-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mb35xx-e1629834594265.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Bridge Rectifier<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The four layers\u2014NPNP or PNPN\u2014function more as switches rather than amplifiers. What\u2019s more, it takes just one pulse to activate said switches rather than the consistent current found in single or bipolar transistors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sensors<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>And last, but certainly, not least, we have sensors. They\u2019re pretty straightforward electronic components in that they \u201csense\u201d physical input or environmental changes and react accordingly. The type of input can range from changes in heat, light, and moisture to pressure, noise, motion, or more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The response generated by the sensor comes in the form of an electrical signal corresponding to whatever type of change they\u2019ve detected. This signal is then sent to other components in the circuit or PCB.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Types-of-Sensors-Image-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"322\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Types-of-Sensors-Image-2.jpg\" alt=\"Blog\" class=\"wp-image-6621\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Types-of-Sensors-Image-2.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Types-of-Sensors-Image-2-300x129.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><figcaption> Sensors <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>If programmed to, these sensors then generate an output in the form of human-readable displays or more signals transmitted electronically for future reading or further processing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Printed circuit board sensors typically convert physical energy to electrical energy. In a way, this makes their converters. Sensors are actually quite flexible and can come in many forms. They can even come as diodes like the red LED light on a television remote that signals whether the device is on or off. Common practical implementations of sensors include humidity measurement, air quality detection, motion sensors, and automated lights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Battery \u2013 Provide Energy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In theory, everyone knows what a battery is. People use this little device to power their everyday objects; remotes, flashlights, toys, chargers, and more. On a PCB, a battery basically stores chemical energy and converts it into usable electronic energy to power the different circuits present on the board. They use an external circuit to allow electrons to flow from one electrode to the other. This forms a functional (but limited) electric current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/batteries.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/batteries-1024x709.jpg\" alt=\"Blog\" class=\"wp-image-6612\" width=\"657\" height=\"455\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/batteries-1024x709.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/batteries-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/batteries-768x532.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/batteries-1536x1064.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/batteries-392x272.jpg 392w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/batteries-130x90.jpg 130w, https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/batteries.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 657px) 100vw, 657px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Batteries<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>For some batteries, this process could finish in a matter of days. Others could last months or years before the chemical energy is completely spent. This is why some batteries (like the batteries in remotes or controllers) need to be changed every few months whereas others (like wristwatch batteries) take years before they\u2019re all used up. There are different types of batteries available for PCBs, but we would definitely recommend getting<a href=\"https:\/\/www.circuitspecialists.com\/semiconductor-devices-lamps---displays\">&nbsp;rechargeable ones<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019re a beginner and a hobbyist, these 13 electronic components will prove fairly easy\u2014and useful\u2014to work with when you dive into creating your first few PCBs. These 13 electronic components all contribute to PCBs functionality in their own way, and one isn\u2019t more preferable to the other. The difference in their abilities and designs makes them suitable for different corresponding projects.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Let&#8217;s go back to basic, let&#8217;s talk about components on PCBs for beginner electronics hobbyists. PCBs are quite complicated. However,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10687,"featured_media":5193,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,226,12,204,27,11,8,21,140,287,154,19,17,4,256,16,9,10],"tags":[129,133,168,132,188,143,40],"class_list":["post-6576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-posts","category-announcements","category-autotransformer-variac","category-batteries","category-breadboards","category-diodes","category-diy","category-education-kits","category-educational-labs","category-electronic-kits","category-electronics-industry","category-logic-analyzer","category-pcb","category-power-supplies","category-prototyping","category-resistors","category-safety","category-soldering","tag-arduino","tag-diy","tag-how-to","tag-makers","tag-power-supplies","tag-prototyping","tag-soldering-iron"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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